This article explores the underlying assumptions and history as well as the state of current theory and empirical research regarding SRW. We first describe the history of the efforts to integrate spirituality and religion into the workplace, with their foundational roots in the Protestant Work Ethic and their emergence through the Faith at Work movement. Next we review the major theoretical developments in this area that have established a domain of relevant definitions, constructs, frameworks, and models. Then we review the empirical research on spirituality in the workplace and conclude that 2 major streams have emerged that have, to date, discovered similar findings in regard to their significant impact on relevant individual and organizational outcomes. Finally, we explore particular challenges associated with integrative work and future theory building and research.
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Toward a Theory of Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Leader Development
Although spiritual intelligence (SQ) has been an emerging topic among social and organizational scholars in recent years, there have been serious academic discussions on whether SQ is an elusive construct, on its dimensionality, and on whether it should even be considered an intelligence in the first place. First, we review the definition and domain of the intelligence construct and argue that it SQ is a conceptually distinct form of intelligence. Second, we argue that any theory of spiritual intelligence must focus on the spiritual journey as one of epistemological ascent and ontological descent through five distinct levels of being. Finally we offer implications for future theory, research and practice on spiritual intelligence and spiritual leader development.
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